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The RPI measures the echo amplitude, phase, range, polarization, Doppler shift, and angle of arrival as a function of sounding frequency.
The low number of observations past midnight and at early morning might be due to a lower critical frequency of the ionosphere than sounding frequency.
As it is known, increasing the sounding frequency gives a decreasing of the sounding range.
The signal is missing if the sounding frequency is larger than the critical frequency of the ionosphere.
Figure 5a shows the resultant model sensitivity, which decreases with depth, corresponding to the limit of the sounding frequency.
The sensitivity calculations show that sensitivity decreases with depth, corresponding to the limit of the sounding frequency.
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The color scale indicates the number of echoes across all sounding frequencies.
The transmitted power was only ~1 W, and the sounding frequencies were 4.63 MHz in Tucumán and 6.57 MHz in Taiwan.
The sounding frequencies of the transmitters are mutually shifted by ~4 Hz at the specific region so that all of the sounding paths corresponding to different transmitter receiver pairs can be easily displayed in one Doppler shift spectrogram.
The challenge for the fixed-frequency D2D skymap measurements is the automatic selection of the sounding frequencies depending on the geometry of the sounding paths, the diurnal and seasonal ionospheric changes, and space weather induced events.
The cells are colored according to the number of echoes detected across all sounding frequencies every 15 min. Note that LT ≃ UT + 7, so post-sunset begins close to 12 UT.
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