The impetus for the current study comes from a small pilot study [ 14] that investigated the potential of using an anechoic chamber (an environment of near-total light and sound deprivation) to induce PLEs in healthy participants scoring either high or low for hallucination proneness.
Indeed, a single short exposure to a loud broadband sound was sufficient to induce irreversible cochlear HC damage in mutant mice deprived of vezatin in these cells.
It is very likely that the strong association between sound sequence and visual motion is easily formed within a short period and that, after forming the association, sounds are able to induce illusory visual motion perception for a static visual object.
What is clear, he added, is that the idea of sound or music being used to induce a hypnotic or transcendent state goes back to the "dawn of civilization," and can be seen in various religions and cultures.
Meredith composed a piece with four phases reflecting the four sleep states, which included "pink noise," a low frequency sound which has been shown to induce more restful sleep.
Most brains lie in between these extremes and need a mix of these two approaches—(1) opportunities to induce spelling-sound correspondences from experience in reading, and (2) explicit instruction in spelling-sound correspondences for deductive application to reading.
To induce apparent sound-depth [39] we increased/decreased the intensity level of subsequent tones to create looming/receding sounds, respectively [40].
Moderate acoustic damage can also be reversible, as temporary threshold shifts (TTS), due to acute exposure to high sound levels or chronic exposure to intermediate sound levels that induce reversible physiological changes in hair cells and the blood-labyrinth barrier [8], [9], [10].
Officially, all attachments to the Workshop were temporary, as the BBC feared that overexposing their employees to electronic sounds might induce neurological damage.
It would certainly be possible that the moving sound might induce response or decisional bias; the participants might expect that they perceived visual stimuli to move whenever the moving sound was presented.
