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More sophisticated estimates of PPP, based on traded goods, imply a smaller figure of around 40%.A second approach is to estimate the fundamental equilibrium exchange rate (FEER).
Much more sophisticated estimates are produced by the International Comparison Programme, co-ordinated by the World Bank, which gathers prices for more than 800 goods and services in countries around the globe.
We refer the reader to [8] for more detailed information and more sophisticated estimates of (f(A -f B)).
More sophisticated estimates can be obtained on the basis of latent variable models or multilevel analysis.
Other more sophisticated estimates of traffic, that would reduce exposure misclassification, are a weighted road density [ 34] or land use regression [ 35, 36].
This suggests that using more sophisticated estimates of chronic PM exposure may lead to more accurate data that are responsible for producing the positive associations.
Similar(52)
The method was later found to be useful for providing more-sophisticated estimates of extinction risk and long-term persistence.
Patient level costs are estimated using computerized patient costing systems that initially log individual utilization of inpatient services, and then apply sophisticated cost estimates from the hospital's general ledger.
But as the volume of oil in the Bakken shale is still a moving target, and recovery techniques are increasingly sophisticated, some estimates put the life of the Bakken play, and the attendant upheaval it is causing in North Dakota, at upward of a hundred years.
We employ more commonly-used approaches to estimating exposure than those that will ultimately be used with an eye to being able to assess the impact in this planned paper on the health findings of using more sophisticated exposure estimates.
The incorporation of sophisticated flow estimates in the exposure assessment method shifted the PCE exposure distribution downward, but did not meaningfully affect the exposure ranking of subjects or the strength of the association with the risk of breast cancer found in earlier analyses.
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