Essentially two principal topics have been considered in literature in the context of classification or clustering of bird song units (e.g., syllables).
Although the syntactical organization of the song was affected in our group of experimental starlings, the phonological structure of song units did not differ from those produced by wild-caught birds (see Fig. 2), suggesting that NCM might be involved in categorizing songs, not only depending on their acoustic structure, but also depending on their correct use in syntactical context.
He may be the only English teacher there with an upright piano in his classroom; he says it comes in handy for his song lyric unit, and for the students who are inevitably inspired to compose a song as a class project.
Spotify is now testing a new "Sponsored Song" ad unit that a company spokesperson tells us is "a product test for labels to promote singles on the free tier".
Again, independent information about cue rate (i.e. average number of calls or songs per unit time) is required to convert cue density to bird density.
In discontinuous singers, the rate of vocalizations is usually assessed as the number of either syllables or songs per unit of time and both have been shown to increase in a territorial context (reviewed in Vehrencamp 2000; Searcy and Beecher 2009).
As a measure of the composition of songs, we assessed the percentage of whoot elements in the total number of units within a song (counting as units either whoot elements or k'tuc syllables, e.g., the songs in Fig. 1 contain (a) 43% and (d) 86% of whoots).
Another, after admitting with some embarrassment that Eminem's "Go to Sleep" ("Die, motherfucker, die") was a "theme song" for his unit, said, "You've got to become inhuman to do inhuman things".
I eventually pulled up the Nirvana song "Radio Friendly Unit Shifter" to prove my point that writing should never be commoditized, even on the web.
