In situ bioassays with Palaemonetes pugio showed that pulsed toxic conditions sometimes occur downstream of some tomato farms in plastic mulch following rainfall events.
Often there are immediate rewards (cheap sandals) and sometimes intangible risks downstream (identity theft).
Natural blockages formed by bedrock landslides may persist for several tens, hundreds or thousands of years and thus could store large amounts of water, posing a potential threat to communities living downstream, sometimes hundreds of kilometres from the dam site.
In the first place, obesity should be seen as a risk factor, rather than a primary determinant of disease, which is downstream, sometimes, but not always resulting from some of the determinants considered here, like overnutrition, inactivity, stress, social pressure, and so forth.
Similarly, piping is one of the common failure modes of landslide dams, although the phenomena is rarely observed, due to challenges posed by rugged terrain, which sometimes limits access to downstream areas.
Through the interactions of different co-regulators, specific transcription factors can regulate different cellular processes which sometimes lead to opposite downstream effects [ 32, 33].
Thus, an effective therapeutic agent will sometimes have to target downstream parts of a signaling pathway or physiological effects rather than individual genes.
However, only 15 and 11 copies are upstream (either independently or in combination) of a total of 16 rif genes (see Additional file 2, indicated by #); the other copies are found up- or downstream, or sometimes in the coding region of other genes.
Although currently controversial, one potential contribution is elements in coding regions, sometimes referred to as downstream sequence elements (reviewed in Gonzalez et al. 2001), that might recruit Upf3 and Upf2 to mRNAs, and, if Upf2 and Upf3 are not removed by elongating ribosomes, might lead to triggering NMD after upstream termination.
The countries have rubbed along, sometimes amicably, sometimes not, with downstream ones (notably Syria and Iraq) assuming there would always be enough water in the upstream reservoirs of Turkey for them all.
