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As a result, some obligate and facultative grassland birds are projected to decline, while numerous species tolerant of or partially reliant on woody vegetation will increase.
As a result of genetic engineering, some obligate photoautotrophs, formerly unable to partake in a sweet diet, have been given a taste of heterotrophy through the introduction of hexose transporters [125].
Some obligate endosymbionts are obviously mutualistic and contribute to the fitness of their hosts, whereas other facultative endosymbionts are parasitic and often affect their hosts negatively [1] [3].
Such static conditions may apply to some obligate symbionts, which can indeed lack the ability to regulate genes involved in important metabolic processes.
Finally, identifying all components of any secretion system may be hampered when selection does not favor the clustering of all genes within one operon, an apparent characteristic of some obligate intracellular bacteria [150], [192].
Some obligate parasites, like Rafflesia, have lost photosynthetic capabilities and are fully heterotrophic.
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Some obligates intracellular parasites, such as Encephalitozoon, Plasmodium, and Toxoplasma live in a parasitophorous vacuole in the host cell [ 94].
Hawkmoths are considered important, and in some cases obligate, pollinators for plants in many families [ 10].
Using these 'abundant genes' would not allow explaining much of the spirochetes biology, and thus of these species origin (how some become obligate parasites for instance).
An expanded TE-rich genome is also a feature of some biotrophic obligate plant pathogens, such as Blumeria graminis (Spanu et al. 2010) and Puccinia graminis (Duplessis et al. 2011), the ectomycorrhizal fungus Tuber melanosporum (Martin et al. 2010), and the caterpillar fungus O. sinensis (Hu et al. 2013) that are closely associated with their hosts.
Which brings me to the deepest why I have about the whole thing: why do we enjoy reading about other people reading things we feel in some sense obligated to read but have no imminent plans to read?
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com