Missing data for some days were imputed by multiple imputation, by incorporating data from other pollution monitors as well as meteorological variables.
The goal is to check whether, under certain assumptions of missingness, the findings would remain robust if the missing data were imputed through some imputation strategy.
The limitation was that some of the imputed SNPs had suboptimal imputation quality, which translates into measurement error affecting both SNP-based and haplotype-based analyses.
Some have even imputed ego motives to their criticism of the president, alleging that it all is because they have been "snubbed" and not invited to the White House by the president.
Some costs were imputed to reflect opportunity cost.
Values of bilirubin missing on some days were imputed on a value carried forward or value carried backward basis.
For this method, there was very high bias in the estimates, due to some very high imputed values.
Since our aim was to compare the results with those obtained with other software, which, in some cases, construct imputed genotypes as the sum of allele probabilities (e.g., AlphaImpute), genotypes were imputed as allele dosage.
For example, at the lowest density, some SNPs were imputed correctly for all horses, whereas other SNPs were correct in as few as 24% of horses (ECA10 bpEQ results).
Although some values were imputed outside the range of possible values, this method had a low bias and estimated the within- and between- imputation variance adequately, resulting in generally good coverage across repeated sampling of the missingness.
