These results suggest that the expansion of the Meg gene family in maize does not include diversification of expression patterns but does include variation in expression level across homologs, with more recently-derived intact genes generally having higher expression levels.
Second, based on the evolutionary framework obtained from the above investigation, the functional diversification of expression in organs and protein-coding sequences of the duplicated PDE1C genes were examined by gene expression and molecular evolutionary analyses.
Our results implied that the evolutionary significance of the duplicated PDE1C genes in stickleback is in the diversification of expression patterns and an increase in gene dosage, rather than neofunctionalization of the coding sequences.
The increased complexity of the APC gene structure, tied to the diversification of expression paths, suggests that land plants developed sophisticated mechanisms of APC regulation to cope with the sedentary life style and its associated environmental exposures.
Overall, it appears that gene duplications found in gymnosperm C8 clade, and even the more ancient duplications at the family level (PgHB6), have not led to strong diversification of expression profiles compared to that observed in angiosperms.
We show that, while arising from random drift, subfunctionalization must be inescapably subject to selective forces, since the diversification of expression patterns across paralogs mitigates duplication-related dosage imbalances in the concentrations of encoded proteins.
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Some diversification of merozoite antigens may be adaptations to polymorphisms in erythrocyte receptors essential for parasite invasion [50].
The other 13 mouse genes have arisen by duplication and rearrangement within the lineage, which has allowed some diversification in expression patterns.
Our work underscores the role of nucleosomes in diversification of gene expression profile and provides a nice model for predicting gene expression profile from the promoter structure.
