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The results show that the assumptions of some design codes can result in unconservative shear design for non-prismatic sections.
Based on the concept of combined strength of new and old concrete in steel tube, some design codes are employed to predict the lateral strength of the specimens.
Finally, the outcomes were compared with the design equations for the development length of FRP bars suggested in some design codes to assess their reliability.
Contrary to the current practice in some design codes, pure tension cracks are more detrimental to the serviceability of the structure than other types of cracks and must be treated more cautiously.
Nevertheless, most of the studies are related to the effect of the shear lag on stress distribution and very few have investigated the effect on deflection, although some design codes have formulas for the effect of the shear lag on deflection.
Widely known as triggers for ratcheting and already being considered in some design codes are configurations, in which a structure is subjected to at least two different types of load, namely a constant load (the primary load) and a superimposed cyclic load.
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The NN-based formulation results are compared with the results obtained from numerical and some current design codes.
Some structural design codes provisions are unsuitable and can result in very non-conservative predictions while others result in a conservative estimation of the splitting failure load.
But if the hardening factor exceeds the threshold value then the hardening significantly increases the limit load and this increasing is not properly accounted for in some worldwide design codes.
Hence, for fatigue assessment of grouted tubular joints it is essential to include the effect of DOB, which is ignored in hot spot stress S N approach recommended in some current design codes.
In this chapter, some very simple design codes have been presented.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com