Sulfonamides, including some clinically used derivatives are the most important class of STPCA inhibitors.
Some clinically used drugs such as acetazolamide, methazolamide, ethoxzolamide, dichlorophenamide, dorzolamide, brinzolamide, topiramate, celecoxib and sulthiame were low nanomolar SspCA/hCA II inhibitors (KIs in the range of 4.5 12.3 nM) whereas simple aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides were less effective, micromolar inhibitors.
Yet some clinically used drugs may also have the property to alter epigenetic signatures of drug-metabolizing genes, and lead to unexpected changes in drug metabolism and toxicity.
The inhibition of the newly discovered cytosolic carbonic anhydrase isozyme XIII (CA XIII) has been investigated with a series of aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides, including some of the clinically used derivatives, such as acetazolamide, methazolamide, dichlorophenamide, dorzolamide, and valdecoxib.
The inhibition of a newly cloned human carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1), isozyme VII (hCA VII), has been investigated with a series of aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides, including some of the clinically used derivatives (acetazolamide, methazolamide, ethoxzolamide, dichlorophenamide, dorzolamide, brinzolamide and benzolamide), as well as the sulfamate antiepileptic drug topiramate.
Some of the clinically used Gd-chelates include DTPA (Magnevist), BOPTA (MultiHance), HP-DO3A (ProHance), DTPA-BMEA (Optimark), DTPA-BMA (Omniscan), DOTA (Dotarem), and DTPA-DPC (Vasovist or MS-325) (a partial list of chelates and their abbreviations are listed in reference 1).
Some exceptions of clinically used type II organic cations transported by OCT1 are quinidine, pancuronium, and rocuronium [ 10]. (iv) Role of OCT1 in the Uptake of Antitumor Drugs.
In this study, we expand on the available work by specifically challenging a virulent strain of the human pathogen P. aeruginosa (PA14) with some of the clinically used antibiotics with different targets.
In the Western medications, some single Western drugs clinically used alone or in coadministration with others in hyperlipidemic patients have their own adverse effects [ 10, 186, 187] that may not be entirely tolerated by all patients.
Currently, the mechanical and biological artificial valves are clinically used with some drawbacks.
Betulin and betulinic acid have been involved in chemical modulation, leading to highly active derivatives, some of them comparable to clinically used drugs [3, 7].
