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We suggest that some apoptotic pathways involved in eliminating internal structure (dedifferentiation) are selectively activated, while others that would destroy nuclei and plasma membranes are selectively downregulated.
PUMA accounts for many of the apoptotic activities attributed to p53 [ 9, 10], although it can serve as a mediator of some apoptotic pathways that do are not initiated by p53 induction, including glucocorticoids and serum deprivation [ 7, 23].
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The role of the apoptosis associated with somatic hypermutation is less well clarified and we could hypothesise that the significant but lower cure rates seen in activated B cell DLBLC is the result of some of the somatic hypermutation associated apoptotic pathways having some appreciable residual activity in a proportion of cases.
The TRAIL-mediated and the CD95-mediated cellular apoptotic pathways share some characteristics.
IFN-inducible genes are often associated with apoptotic pathways, and some of these factors have been reported to be regulated by BRCA1 [ 45], which is known to participate in the maintenance of genomic integrity through mediation of both DNA repair and apoptosis mechanisms in the breast [ 46, 47].
Melet, A. et al. Apoptotic pathways in tumor progression and therapy.
Opioids alter immune and apoptotic pathways in several species.
Pei L, Shang Y, Jin H, Wang S, Wei N, Yan H, et al. DAPK1-p53 interaction converges necrotic and apoptotic pathways of ischemic neuronal death.
How caspase-2 is activated and modulates the apoptotic pathways in response to macrophage-NO-induced cell death is unknown.
Apoptotic pathways initiated by neurotrophin-deprivation and ototoxic stress (e.g., CDDP) have been shown to be different.
There are two main apoptotic pathways in mammalian cells: the extrinsic or death receptor-initiated pathway and the intrinsic or mitochondria-dependent pathway2,3.
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