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Optimized cyclization reactions were established by changing the solvent, catalyst, and reaction temperature.
Reaction conditions (solvent, catalyst, temperature, etc…) were studied and modified to optimize yield and product characteristics.
By variation of the solvent, catalyst type and concentration, reaction time, and temperature a matrix of experiments for the DoE method was derived.
The influence of the experimental conditions, i.e. temperature, solvent, catalyst, on the grafting yield has been discussed.
Effects of various parameters such as speed of agitation, type of solvent, catalyst loading, acetophenone concentration, and temperature were studied.
The advantages of BAIL were compared (solvent, catalyst loading, time, yield, and temperature) with some other catalysts for the synthesis of compound 3a from the reaction between benzaldehyde with 2-naphthol, and the results are represented in Table 5.
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It includes various types of micro-reactors used in the production of biodiesel, factors affecting the biodiesel production (i.e., temperature, residence time, alcohol to oil molar ratio, micro-channel size, inlet mixer type, internal geometries, co-solvent, catalyst type and concentration).
The effects of reaction time, solvents, catalyst concentration and reaction temperature are also examined.
Table 1 Summary of typical material inputs and pollution outputs in the pharmaceutical industry Process Inputs Wastewater Residual wastes Chemical synthesis Reaction Solvents, catalysts, reactants, e.g. benzene, chloroform, methylene chloride, toluene, methanol, ethylene glycol, xylenes and hydrochloric acid Process wastewaters with spent solvents, catalyst, reactants.
The effects of acid site density, reaction time, solvents, catalyst amount, temperature and mole ratio of catalyst to substrate were investigated.
The effects of the Brønsted acidity and amount of ionic liquid, co-solvents, catalyst amount, and reaction temperature on the catalytic activity and enantioselectivity were studied in detail.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com