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To account for parametric uncertainty, the OSSC values (Soj) were calculated over a family of random parameter sets; we randomly perturbed each nominal parameter by up to ±1-order of magnitude then solved the sensitivity balances for each family member.
We solved the sensitivity equations for each parameter using three different numerical methods to control for possible artifacts; a 3-order Backward Difference (BDF3) method was compared with forward Finite Difference (FD), and the fifth-order variable step-size ODE15s routine of Matlab (The Mathworks, Natick MA).
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Moreover, a step-by-step integration scheme able to solve the sensitivity equations is also studied.
In this paper we develop a discontinuous Petrov Galerkin finite-element scheme for solving the sensitivity equation resulting from a 1D interface problem.
This paper, based on uniform design and quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO), aims to solve the sensitivity problem of a railway vehicle system with fourteen degrees of freedom and nonlinear coupled differential equations of motion.
Three different numerical techniques were used to solve the sensitivity equations to control for possible numerical artifacts.
For nonlinear problems, when the Newton Raphson method is used, the tangent stiffness matrix yields the desired sensitivity coefficient matrix for solving the linear sensitivity equations in the Galerkin finite element formulation.
Then, we can calculate the sensitivity of the system parameters by solving the following sensitivity equation (See [ 23] for details): (6) d S (t ) d t = [ ∂ f (t, x, λ ) ∂ x ] | λ = λ 0 S + [ ∂ f (t, x, λ ) ∂ λ ] | λ = λ 0, S (t 0 ) = 0 The range of the parameter distributions is set to be a random number between [0, 1] and we obtain an average over 100 runs; all of the results are normalized.
The concatenated strong fiber Bragg grating and a weak long period grating are presented for simultaneous temperature and solution concentration measurement in the methods of both detailed coupled-mode theory and experimental analysis, and find two ways which include dual wavelength method and dual parameter method to solve the cross sensitivity problem to ensure higher accuracy and sensitivity.
Under optimized structure, maximum salinity sensitivity of 1.402 nm/‰ was obtained for X-polarization and maximum temperature sensitivity of −7.609 nm/ °C was obtained for Y polarization, which demonstrated that the designed scheme could not only solve the cross sensitivity problem of two parameters but also achieve high sensitivity.
One appropriate regularized functional was established, and the functional was solved by the sensitivity coefficient and Newton-Raphson iteration method.
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