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Histogram models are advantageous in describing the solution distribution of complex and multimodal continuous problems.
A bootstrap test that iteratively resamples the focal mechanism dataset and checks the solution distribution has been performed to examine the reliability of the result.
This novel structure can ensure uniform solution distribution and stable falling-film flow; it is also more compact and provides greater feasibility to regulate capacity by plate assembly compared to conventional distributors for falling film.
The surface formed by Pareto optimal solutions is called the Pareto front and three aspects are considered to evaluate Pareto front in [11]: 1) the "convergence", minimizing the distance from search results to the Pareto front; 2) "uniformity", maintaining uniform solution distribution; 3) "extensity", maximizing the extent of solutions following the Pareto front.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03487.004 To better measure the equilibrium between conformational states as a function of temperature, we used SAXS, which can directly quantify the solution distribution of open and closed states (Krukenberg et al., 2008).
Moreover, we observed a fast convergence in this example; we obtained a solution distribution almost similar to that of the final population even at the tenth GA iteration (data not shown).
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We use the hierarchical solution distributions in a variational Bayesian approximation to perform uncertainty quantification in the inverse problem.
For comparison, Figure 4A also gives the 75th percentiles of the solution distributions for each topology.
In the figure, we plot the solution distributions of the initial, third and final populations obtained in the GA iterations.
"What we ended up creating at YouTube is a solution for distribution," Mr. Hurley said.
From this kernel of disgruntlement comes a state of the nation address that takes on everything from the rise of the National Front ("If Adolf Hitler were in England today, they'd send a limousine anyway") to racism ("white youth, black youth, better find a solution"), the distribution of wealth, to pop culture.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com