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After completion of the reactions, the supernatant was colorless and the volume of the solids was reduced from initially 50%% to approximately 20%% solid volume fraction, indicating an increase in crystallinity.
As expected, the pH profiling runs increased delignification due to delayed acid application, i.e., lignin yield in washed solids was reduced from 171 g/kg for the control run to approximately 130 g/kg for the pH profiling runs.
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In total reuse of water suspended solids as well as dissolved solids are reduced.
Total suspended solids were reduced by ∼80% overall with cell one retaining the majority of the solids (∼70%).
Fat/oil/grease is reduced by about 84%%; suspended solids are reduced by about 72% across the 1st stage DAF.
Cavalieri's method is in essence that of reduction of dimension: solids are reduced to planes with comparable areas and planes to lines with comparable lengths.
After 2 weeks, it was observed that the volatile solids were reduced by 10 12 % in the matured composts compared to the respective feedstocks (Table 2).
Owing to the large steric hindrance of diaryl substituents on bithiophenes in the polymers (P2 P4), the aggregation of solids is reduced as well as the solubility is improved, so the performance of their PLED devices are superior to that of the non-substituted polymer (P1).
The results showed that when a pulp of 18.5% TS was hydrolysed for 48 hours with 55 mg CTec3 g-1 pulp and washed at pH 5, the sugar concentration in the residual solid was reduced from ~9.5% to ~1%.
When the dimension of a solid is reduced, a larger fraction of surfaces/interfaces is provided, where melting nucleation may take place and the melting temperature will be lowered.
Total copy number of 16S rRNA genes for methanogens and bacteria in the liquid phase, and total copy number of 16S rRNA gene for bacteria in the solid phase were not affected by NOP (P > 0.12); however, that for methanogens in the solid phase was reduced (P < 0.01).
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