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Solids recovered from industrial processes are also called sludge and the term is often associated with potentially hazardous industrial wastes.
Note this value is from the triplicate analysis of solids recovered from the miscible-flow reactor cell when the experiment was terminated after seven days.
The crystallinity indices of the solids recovered from all three IL treatments (0.19 for [C2mim]OAc, 0.21 for [C4mim]Cl and 0.37 for [C2mim]Cl) were significantly lower that of the untreated bagasse solids (0.88).
They then estimated insoluble arsenic on hands as the product of the average arsenic concentration in playground sand samples (not solids recovered from hands) and filter dry weight gain.
Since the total mass of lignin removed during flowthrough pretreatment at 180°C was greater than the total mass removed by flowthrough pretreatment at 140°C and the molecular weights of the CEL solids recovered from these runs were similar, it is unlikely that condensation reactions were accelerated relative to depolymerization reactions at 180°C.
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Waste sludge, a solid recovered from wastewater of photovoltaic-industries, composes of agglomerates of nano-particles like SiO2 and CaCO3.
The membranes with the retained solids were dried at 105 °C up to constant weight; the amount of the solid was gravimetrically determined and added to the dry amount of the solid recovered from the reactor to perform mass balance calculations.
The amount of solids recovered after pretreatment increased from 3 to 10 wt%, but decreased above 30 wt%.
At 160°C, based on 100 g of dry weight, 70 g of solids were recovered from un-milled Douglas-fir woodchips and retained 91% of the glucan.
FTIR spectra of solid samples recovered from the flow-through system studying the effect of temperature are more similar at both investigated temperatures.
To investigate the washing efficiency on the IL removal in the recovered solids and the effect of IL content on enzymatic saccharification, a small scale study was first conducted by hydrolyzing the solid samples recovered from each washing step.
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