Furthermore, XANES spectroscopy analysis of the solids that formed during the bioreactor experiments with the CL consortium and in the experiments with the isolates belonging to the Bacillus (1G and 10G) and Stenotrophomonas (7P and 8P) genera indicated that Mn II) was precipitated as MnO2 (data not shown) as the pH increased.
As a consequence, the technique allows the first solid particles formed during crystallization to be identified, and allows the evolution of different solid phases (e.g., polymorphs 4) present during the crystallization process to be monitored as a function of time.
X-ray diffraction confirmed no solid solution formed during the template synthesis of the NiO/CeO2 nanocatalysts by eggshell membranes.
HA/YSZ solid solution formed during deposition on the substrate, which played a very important role in the mechanical properties of the HA/YSZ composite coatings.
Discrete simulations also suggest that the linear relationship between toughness and Young's modulus is primarily linked to the size of the solid necks formed during sintering of particles.
Results given in Table 6 show clearly that the prepared compounds have very good and excellent dispersancy power (60 93 %) for sludge and solid particles formed during lube oil oxidation compared with lube oil only [15, 16].
All the prepared compounds have been added to the oil samples in the concentration of 2% wt, and using spot test method results given in Table 6 show clearly that the prepared compounds have very good and excellent dispersion power (80 95%) for sludge and solid particles formed during lube oil oxidation compared with lube oil only.
Results are given in Table 4 for Mannich base additives with different polyethylenepolyamines A1, A2 and A3, show clearly that the prepared additives have moderate to very good dispersancy power (60 80 %) for the sludge and solid particles formed during lube oil oxidation compared with lube oil only.
In this study various options for the utilization of the solid residue formed during ethanol production from spruce, such as the production of pellets, electricity and heat for district heating, were compared in terms of overall energy efficiency and production cost.
The origin of the high activity for the CuO/ZnO catalysts prepared with short ageing times is not fully understood, but it appears that the highly dispersed CuO and ZnO, and the presence of solid solution phases formed during the controlled precipitation and ageing process are important.
