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The displacement and rotation of the solids are calculated by the Discrete Element Method (DEM).
However, the mixed liquor total suspended solids (TSS, i.e. organic+inorganic solids) are calculated simply from empirical ratios of VSS/TSS.
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Weight losses in total solids were calculated from the initial and final dry weights.
Total dissolved solids were calculated from EC, according to the procedure of Hem (1991).
Plane wave propagation in three types of solids is calculated by the LAYER code.
The content of the volatile solids was calculated after measuring the ash content using the dry ashing method to obtain the total organic carbon (TOC) content (Abdullah and Chin 2010).
The treatment performance was confirmed to follow a first-order reaction rate, in which the k20 values of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total phosphorus (TP) and total suspended solids were calculated as 165, 117, 133, 7.5 and 78 m yr−1 respectively for VSSF and 226, 134, 199, 22 and 73 m yr−1 respectively for HSSF.
The effective diffusion coefficients of solids were calculated using the Fick's second law of diffusion for an infinite cylinder, which are between 0.75 × 10−11 and 8.72 × 10−11 m/s, depending on the pH of the gastric fluid.
In addition to Jeirani et al. (2013), the IFTs of all interfaces (i.e. oil-aqueous, aqueous-solid and oil-solid) are calculated following the method used by (Pashley and Israelachvili 1981).
Numerical results for a special magnetoelectroelastic solid are calculated to show the influences of the dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability inside the cracks on the crack-face electric displacement and magnetic induction.
To help answer the questions, the maximum |dT/d fS 1/2| (T is temperature and fS fraction solid) was calculated, whose validity as the crack susceptibility index was verified recently.
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