Peptides delivered on the surface of influenza virosomes have been shown to induce solid humoral immune responses in experimental animals.
IFN-γ is a cytokine related to the inflammatory response, but it was also reported as a key effector molecule in the immune response against solid cancers.
Other strategies for generating an effective immune response against solid tumours such as vaccination and adoptive transfer of antigen-specific T cells are therefore being actively developed.
These peptides are unaffected by multidrug resistance mechanisms and have been shown to induce a protective immune response against solid tumors, thus making them interesting candidates for developing novel lead structures for anticancer treatment.
The failure of the cellular immune response to stop solid tumor growth has been the subject of much research.
The immune response produced after solid organ transplantation (SOT) is an ongoing dialog between the innate and adaptive immune systems.
The presence of T lymphocytes in solid tumours may reflect an ongoing immune response against the transformed cells.
In the patients receiving docetaxel for solid tumours, influenza vaccine triggers an immune response in only one third.
This in vitro model correlates with the observation that in vivo immune cells can be found predominantly in contact to stromal cells within solid tumours without mounting a protective immune response [ 3].
Furthermore, the importance of the immune response in radiosensitivity of solid organs led Palma et al. [ 8] to hypothesize that microarray gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells could identify patients with response to CRT in LARC.
Using recombinant protein fragments as well as soluble and solid phase peptides, the anti-CENP-A immune response was shown to be directed against two domains in the N-terminus [ 26, 27, 30].
