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Whether Krm proteins solely act as antagonists of Wnt signalling is however questionable, since a positive influence on Lrp6-dependent Wnt signaling has been described for Krm2, which is possibly mediated through an interaction with Wnt signaling activators of the Rspo family [36], [37].
Cyt c is one of only a few one-electron acceptors which solely act with CYTCDH and therefore is a good tool to estimate the IET (Fig. 2).
It is unlikely that Dkk-1 can solely act as a mitogen, but its presence at a critical threshold may serve as a checkpoint that permits proliferation of OS cells.
Based on these results, it appears that SA virulence genes do not solely act in causing infection, they may also play a causative role by the regulation of virulence.
One thought is, since resistance occurs, these agents may not solely act on normal endothelial and stromal cells to block angiogenesis; rather these agents may act directly on the evolving cancer cells (e.g., to block proliferation signals), and over time, the tumours mutate and evolve.
Our observation that D2O significantly stimulates transcription in the cell-free assay and 2(b)) is surprising as it indicates that D2O does not solely act as a decelerator of protein activity but rather can accelerate a complex process like DNA transcription and thus increase the yield of mRNA.
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At present, it is not clear whether synphilin-1 triggers cytotoxicity by itself or solely acts as an accelerator that boosts the cellular stress responses induced by its interaction partner α-Syn.
At present, these "bath salts" are not readily classified with respect to their pharmacological mechanism of action: mephedrone is believed to be a substrate/releaser while MDPV solely acts as an uptake inhibitor.
Based on the observation that the circadian rhythms persist in the elf3-1 mutant, it was proposed that ELF3 solely acts as a light zeitnehmer, or timekeeper, and that it is not a required component of the oscillator.
Contradicting reports suggest that ROS solely acts to upregulate NLRP3 and pro-IL-1 β expression in an NF κB-dependent manner [ 235], and other studies demonstrated how ROS can be sensed by a complex of Thioredoxin (TXN and TXNN interacting protein (TXNIP) which binds to NLPR in conditions of oxidative stress [ 236].
John Sutherland: I am here solely to act as the thinnest of membranes for Ian McEwan this evening.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com