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The use of the specific ERα agonist PPT suggests that the sole activation of ERα is enough to provoke this inverted-U dose response.
Furthermore, former studies have shown that muscular activity less than 0.5% EMGmax represents total muscular relaxation and less than 2.0% EMGmax represents sole activation of the smallest motor units [ 41].
Altogether, these results showed that the LIF response was different in pluripotent, reversibly and irreversibly committed cell populations, suggesting that LIF outcomes do not rely on the sole activation of STAT3, similarily induced in these three conditions.
However, in the present study, STAT3C transgenic T cells did not produce IL-17, indicating that the sole activation of STAT3 is not per se a Th17-polarizing signal in human T cells.
When Dictyostelium is exposed to a laboratory, non-capsulated strain of K. pneumoniae, the sole activation pathway at play involves sensing of folate secreted by bacteria, and the FspA protein is an essential element for the activation of this pathway.
However, transgenic mice with pancreatic-specific expression of SHH or GLI2 develop undifferentiated pancreatic tumors which differ from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) [120]– [122], suggesting that sole activation of Hh signaling is not sufficient to drive PDAC development.
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Collectively these studies indicate that activation of apoptotic signalling cascade may not be the sole activity of BH3 mimetics.
The protein kinase D (PKD) enzymes represent a new family of second messenger stimulated kinases, with diacylglycerol as a prime, but not the sole, mediator of activation.
Our results also highlight the limitations of using AMP expression as the sole indicator for activation of immune pathways during infection.
Indeed, we show that JNK is the sole MAPK whose activation by Cr VI) is effectively abrogated in Map2k7 ES cells.
While the mechanisms driving telomere dysfunction are still unclear, these data suggest that a "critical" telomere length may not be the sole determinant in the activation of a persistent DDR.
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