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In this analysis, the emission sources considered were nitrogen from synthetic fertilizers and organic composts applied on soils (filter cake and vinasse), in addition to the harvest residues (Equation 2 - Direct emissions and Equation 3 and 4 - indirect emissions).
Gef = emission factor, g kg1 dry matter burnt (default values 2.7 to CH4 and 0.07 to N2O) In this analysis, the emission sources considered were nitrogen from synthetic fertilizers and organic composts applied on soils (filter cake and vinasse), in addition to the harvest residues (Equation 2 - Direct emissions and Equation 3 and 4 - indirect emissions).
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Roadside drainage ditches (grassed swales) are an attractive stormwater control measure (SCM) since they can reduce runoff volume by infiltrating water into the soil, filter sediments and associated pollutants out of the water, and settle solids onto the soil surface.
This has resulted in 106 storm events being monitored at the lamella settler, 59 at the high rate sand filter and 132 at the soil filter during the 2 year monitoring period.
Two pilot-scale vertical-flow soil filter eco-technologies, a roughing filter (RF) and a polishing filter (PF) with plants (willows), were operated independently in a single-stage configuration and coupled together in a multi-stage (RF + PF) configuration to investigate the MTBE and benzene removal performances.
Long-term investigations were carried out in a pilot-scale vertical-flow soil filter (VFSF) system to characterize the fate of different precipitating ions (Fe2+, Mn2+, Ca2+) during the remediation of heavily contaminated groundwater under different hydraulic loading rates (HLRs) and to assess MTBE and BTEX removal efficiencies under low winter temperatures.
The results obtained in this study not only demonstrate the feasibility of vertical-flow soil filter systems for treating groundwater contaminated with MTBE and benzene, but can also be considered a major step forward towards their application under full-scale conditions for commercial purposes in the oil and gas industries.
Figure 10 HPLC analysis for soiled filter paper, soiled and cleaned.
Storm water overflow basin connected to a retention soil filter Tettnang, town of Tettnang.
Competition between nonautochtonous (in this case pathogenic) and autochtonous bacterial populations (typical soil microorganisms) as they pass through a planted soil filter diminishes the survivability of pathogenic bacteria.
In this already existing test system the efficiency of rainwater treatment with final purification by a retention soil filter is investigated.
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