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Soil response was verified by water contents and tension data.
The discrepancy between earthquake motion and ambient noise amplification is attributed to nonlinear soil response.
The nonlinear soil response during strong motion events is a possible reason for this discrepancy.
To account for the nonlinear soil response, an equivalent linear approximation is employed.
The soil response is dominated by shear waves with almost vertical polarization.
Dynamic soil response was measured using accelerometers on the surface and within the soil.
This result is caused by the high damping factor applied in the nonlinear soil response.
One set of parameters should capture the soil response for various laboratory & in situ stress paths.
A good correspondence between measured soil response and model predictions was observed.
The local soil effects on the displacement spectra could not be removed because the soil response functions were not known.
Further refinement to this modeling approach is possible by introducing dashpot elements to model damping associated with soil response.
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