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Tillage was either conventional soil puddling or zero tillage with newly harvested crop residue from early season rice either removed or placed on the soil surface without incorporation.
It is sometimes used in flood-prone areas after flood recession, when it is possible to drain additional standing water from the field, followed by soil puddling to suppress weeds.
Different weed species seem to respond differently to water management and either selection of tolerant ecotypes for some weeds associated with rice or shifts in weed species composition means that traditional soil puddling and flood management may no longer be effective for their control.
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Paddy soil, puddled and submerged for a few months every year, shows remarkable shrinkage when it dries, but cannot swell up to its original volume when it is submerged again.
- In 18% of the cases water loss due to seepage was a result of poor implementation (inadequate depth and width of puddle, inadequate or no use of clayey impervious soil in puddle, and poor compaction of bunds) - Technical specifications were not always adhered to.
Eco-friendly hoses today use patented water restrictors that control pressure and help avoid soil erosion and puddling.
At the time of relay sowing, excess soil moisture and puddles are common features in puddled soil and such crops face transient soil waterlogging from an early developmental stage.
Paddy soils subjected to puddling are easily cracked under wetting and drying cycles.
Seeds of all three genotypes were sown in six rows 5 cm apart with 10-15 pernts perowow in three plastic trays (60 × 30 × 30 cm) filled to 8 cm deep with puddle soil.
Topsoils of flooded rice paddies may not be richer in P as in aerobic soils since paddy fields do not have a structured soil profile due to repeated puddling.
The RP seeds were sown in 4 rows, 5 cm apart, with 25 plants in each row, in plastic trays (60 x 30 x 30 cm) that were filled with puddle nutrient enriched soil.
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