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He measures traffic damage, ball rebound, soil hardness and moisture level.
Factors affecting the spatial variability were relief index (autumn), soil hardness of the A layer (winter), soil hardness at 50 cm depth (spring) and the altitude and relief index (summer).
These tunnel networks reflect a compromise between foraging efficiency and other environmental constraints, such as soil hardness and moisture content.
The SAR is of particular importance because a high Na content in irrigation water may increase soil hardness and reduce its permeability (Tijani [1994]).
In rhizobium-inoculated soil, soil hardness increased, soil moisture contents decreased, and both plant growth and yield were lowered, compared to non-inoculated soil.
Various tool to soil hardness ratios were obtained by changing both the tool material and the percentage of soil's constituent minerals, i.e. quartzetic and limestone grains.
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The maximum and minimum ground values and the computed average of ground hardness and soil moisture were analysed.
While a relationship between objectively measured soil moisture and ground hardness has been reported (Baker [1991]), subjectively rated moisture levels have never been compared to objectively rated measures.
Subjective, observational assessments of ground hardness and soil moisture were recorded on 36 occasions during an Australian football season using two four-point scales of 'very soft' to 'very hard' and 'very wet' to 'very dry', respectively.
Overall, when compared to objective measures, the subjective assessments were more accurate for ground hardness than soil moisture levels but raters were just as likely to under- or overestimate the condition under review.
This study was nested within the Preventing Australian Football Injuries through Exercise (PAFIX) group-clustered randomised controlled trial (cRCT) and involved both subjective and objective assessments of ground hardness and soil moisture in a sample of the sporting grounds from Victoria Australiaa) where the trial was conducted.
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