Exact(8)
It is the depth or zone where soil expansion or shrinkage forces adversely affect deep foundation performance.
Montmorillonite, illite and kaolinite were investigated, for these clay minerals are key indicators of soil expansion and shrinkage potential.
Winter freeze-thaw led to soil expansion, likely related to frost-heaving, causing a net centimeter-scale elevation increase across soil-mantled slopes.
In particular different authors used indicators of: land degradation (soil erosion, soil salinization [20]), land use changes (expansion of agricultural or urban areas), bare soil expansion, drought and changing vegetation (perennial plant cover and biomass) [15, 17, 18].
The change classes are correctly detected, but CVA tends to overestimate the change, detecting wider areas, especially in the bare soil expansion class (see Northwestern and Western part of the study area).
Although Mugagga et al. [47] reported that material with clay content greater than 20% exhibited expansion abilities, Baynes [4] suggested that 10% clay content should been used as an indicator for soil expansion potential.
Similar(52)
The settlements of cold and heat accumulation are consistent with the characteristics of soil thermal expansion and contraction.
Type C paleosols are similar to Type B but preserve pedogenic structures indicative of soil volume expansion and contraction, as well as more abundant Stage II pedogenic carbonate nodules.
Identification and quantification of clay minerals, particularly those that are responsible for susceptibility of soils to expansion and shrinkage, is a constant focus of research in geotechnical engineering.
A second theory holds that geography was responsible for the absence of a strong aristocracy that is, that the poorness of the soil prevented economic expansion through the creation of large estates.
Within that chosen city, various sites would be examined, taking into account such factors as land-use controls, street traffic capability, room for expansion, soil stability, water- and sewer-line capacity, police and fire protection, and proximity to rail tracks.
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