As soil acidity increases so does the solubility of aluminum and manganese in the soil, and many plants (including agricultural crops) will tolerate only slight quantities of those metals.
This was strongly associated with decreased soil acidity and increases in pH, suggesting pH-dependent immobilisation of Al via precipitation as poorly soluble phases.
We conclude that repeated application of litter contaminated with glyphosate negatively affects earthworm vitality and increases soil acidity and acid phosphatase activity.
The changes in the treatments, layout and plot nomenclature of just one plot (Plot 2) on the Park Grass Experiment in response to increasing soil acidity is illustrated and documents the increasing complexity of the experiment over time (Supplementary Figure 4 and Fig. 149).
Continuous dependence on chemical fertilizers may be accompanied by a decline in soil organic matter content, increased soil acidity, degradation of soil physical properties and increased rate of erosion due to instability of soil aggregates (Adeoluwa and Adeogun 2010).
In addition, soil acidity and organic matter content increase, while readily soluble forms of calcium (important to plant growth and soil aggregation) decrease, with increasing precipitation.
Thus, this result suggested that chemical fertilizer could increase soil acidity to some extent.
Moreover, the land use practices such as cultivation and continuous use of inorganic fertilizers might have contributed to the decline in soil pH (increased soil acidity) at the surface soils of the cultivated land.
However, blanket application of inorganic fertilizer to farmland soils without adequate knowledge of the nutrient status, often leads to increased soil acidity, particularly when nitrogen fertilizers are applied (Akande et al. 2010).
Furthermore, Obi and Ofonduro (1997) and Moyin-Jesu (2007) also reported that problems associated with continuous use of chemical fertilizers included nutrient imbalance, increased soil acidity, degradation in soil physical properties and loss of organic matter.
Forests dominated by P. chiapensis are the first to appear after disturbance and play important environment services, including accumulation of carbon, shading the soil surface, fostering soil development, and facilitating the release of nutrients from the bedrock to the soil by increasing soil acidity (del Castillo et al. 2009).
