The studied substrate undergoes softening upon yielding which manifests itself as narrow bands of localized shear deformation.
This model was extended to allow moment redistribution in the pipe as the core undergoes tensile softening, cracking, and yielding of the steel cylinder and PS wire (Zarghamee and Fok 1990).
This paper has shown experimental evidence of significant rate-dependence of yielding, strain softening and fracture strain of the test composite.
While the response of reinforcing steel beyond the elastic phase is described through yielding, hardening, softening, and fracture under monotonic loading, these monotonic parameters are inadequate to incorporate random cyclic effects such as strength degradation because steel is vulnerable to fatigue damage under seismic loads.
The as-processed alloy shows non-linear elastic behavior, yield drop, low uniform and total elongation, serrated yielding, stress relaxation, flow softening and anomalous strain rate dependence of ductility.
Strong nonlinear macroscopic behavior such as yielding and strain softening can be naturally obtained through statistical microstructural damage of fracture plane due to distribution of strain strength.
Hwang and Lee (2000) pointed out that the used concrete softening model tended to overestimate the softening effect in situations where behaviour was governed by yielding of all reinforcement crossing the crack direction.
The beam is subject to distributed axial loads, due to its own weight, leading to geometric softening of its lower portion and thus yielding a large number of vibroimpacts with the outer cylinder.
Here, the admittedly fine pasta was more a pig delivery system, yielding up a great tangle of meat, softened by the bramley apple puree on the side.
ERZBERGER FOR YIELDING Believes That This Method Will Soften Terms--Winterfeldt's Aim to Defy "Brute Force". Differed from Erzberger.
