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The European Code for aluminum structures uses the heat-affected zone (HAZ) softening factor to consider the weakening effects of transverse welds on column strength.
The softening factor n is computed to control the softening process.
Under the strain-controlled fatigue, a strain level-independent softening factor (SF) was observed.
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HAZ softening factors were proposed in this study.
The HAZ softening factors obtained from the parametric study were compared with the corresponding values specified in the European Code.
Furthermore, the designed FFTSMC can suppress both bending and torsional vibration more quickly than the designed PD controller owing to the adjustment of the switching control gains and the softening factors, especially for the small amplitude residual vibrations.
"The decision to cut rates is expected to soften the factors restraining economic revival and will secure the stability of the growing trend" of gross domestic product," the regulator said in a statement.
After saying for months that rising prices were not a factor in softening demand for such vehicles, they now say the prices are having an effect.
The test results showed that, as expected, the addition of PE and ARA polymer increased the rotational viscosity, softening point and rutting factor values and reduced the penetration degree.
The land, known for its wheat and barley harvests and fruit-bearing trees, is "East Ghouta's breadbasket" and "was the most important factor in softening the siege" that the Syrian regime has imposed on the suburbs since late 2012, a member of the local council in Marj, adjacent to the farmland, said.
"At this point, SARS is factoring into the softening demand," said a Singapore Airlines spokesman.
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