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In contrast, for "soft" orientations, the transformation rate is lower for larger grains.
Another is that the Kagomé core is isotropic in shear: contrasting with the soft orientations exhibited by the tetragonal core.
Macroscopic {10¯12} extension twins forming massively during early stages of deformation completely consumed the whole sample, resulting in new soft orientations for slip.
Notched micro-cantilever beams with a beam length of 8 μm, 1.5 μm thickness and 1.8 μm width were milled in so-called "hard" and "soft" orientations of NiAl using a focused ion beam.
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The deformation and fracture of a PWA 1472 single crystal oriented in a soft orientation were studied by analyzing the evolution of slip bands and detailed fractography of tensile specimens tested at low (10−4/s) and high (1.0/s) strain rates at room temperature.
A fracture toughness of 3.52 ± 0.29 MPa m1/2 was obtained for the "soft" orientation and 5.12 ± 0.50 MPa m1/2 for the "hard" orientation, which is in good agreement with literature values on the fracture toughness of macroscopic NiAl specimens.
Compression creep tests were conducted in the soft orientation PST TiAl crystals under the constant stress condition with applied stress of 100 316 MPa at 1150 K to investigate the effect of parallel twinning on creep deformation behavior.
Recrystallization resulted in the evolution of new, softer orientations, in terms of slip, accompanied by significant texture weakening.
The near cube orientation (typically φ1, Φ, φ2: 0, 9, 0) was the softest orientation among the cube family.
Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was used to select hard and soft grain orientations within each of the alloys.
It is suggested that the non-linear phenomena in the macroscopic stress strain responses and microscopic lattice strains during unloading and reloading are due to plastic deformation by the operation of basal 〈a〉 slip in the soft grain orientations (e.g. {10.1}, {11.2} and {10.2} grain families).
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