OR, odds ratio adjusted for age, sex, residence, urban/rural status, education, family history of bladder cancer among first-degree relatives, body mass index, occupation, smoking status, years since quitting, number of cigarettes smoked per day, maté drinking, soft drink intake, milk intake, and, when appropriate, coffee drinking and tea drinking CI, confidence interval.
It was required that all the subjects had data on the frequency of cola or non-cola soft drink intake, on cheese intake and on serum TG and HDL cholesterol.
OR, odds ratio adjusted for age, sex, residence, urban/rural status, education, family history of bladder cancer among first-degree relatives, body mass index, occupation, soft drink intake, and milk intake, and, when appropriate, maté drinking, coffee drinking, and tea drinking CI, confidence interval.
A high soft drink intake may promote, whereas intake of cheese may reduce risk of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), but will cheese intake blunt the soft drink versus MetS association? Cross-sectional study.
A 35 (40)% cheese-related reduction in the MetSRisk (SumRisk) index was found when comparing subjects with soft drink intake ≥1 glass/day and rare intake of cheese with those reporting rare intake of soft drinks and cheese intake ≥1 2 times/day.
The HRs were 2.30 (95% CI 1.22 to 4.34) and 1.90 (95% CI 1.03 to 3.52), respectively, with the soft drink intake ≥5 times/week compared with no intake.
It is not known whether the association between soft drink intake and MetS may be counteracted by increased cheese intake.
The current findings of an independent positive association of soft drink intake and null associations of ASB and fruit juice intake with incident type 2 diabetes using detailed dietary information from prospective 7 day food diaries further supports the findings from previous studies that used dietary information from retrospective FFQs.
In the Northern Manhattan Study of >2,500 multiethnic adults with 10 years of follow-up and a cardiovascular event incidence of ∼2%, daily diet soft drink intake was associated with an increased risk of events; regular soft drink intake was not associated with events.
This study shows that the association between soft drink intake and two compound risk estimates for MetS, can be strongly and dose-dependently counteracted by cheese intake.
