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Traffic intensity values consider a soft handover factor of 1.10.
The scheme achieves a seamless handover performance as soft handover.
The chapter also explains soft handover parameter planning, hierarchical cell structures, and code requirements.
Soft handover is not supported by HSDPA, while for HSUPA soft handover is used to decrease the interference from neighboring cells and to have macrodiversity gain.
Thus, the same data are not sent multiple as in case of soft handover technique.
The reviews on hard and soft handover proposed for LTE are presented in the following subsections.
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It is worth saying that the assumption of a clustered architecture of SBSs is a viable hypothesis, since other functional entities of the network may already require this structure (e.g., to perform inter-cell interference coordination or soft handovers between SBSs).
Since we do not consider soft-handover (SHO), serving station is well defined and the subscript can be omitted for the sake of readability.
Although being introduced more than 50 years ago, CDMA is still largely employed and developed nowadays due to its various advantages such as enabling universal frequency reuse, improving handover performance by soft-handover, and mitigating the effects of interference and fading.
The CoMP set represents the stations for which the measured SIR is larger than ε×S I R 1s t, where ε is a scaling factor and S I R 1s t is the largest experienced SIR. This generates UE-specific clusters and allows fast cell-selection, making the handover process similar to a soft-handover but based on station updates in the CoMP set.
This model allows one to study communication scenarios such as 802.11-based wireless local area networks [2, 3], distributed soft or hard handovers in cellular systems [4], or throughput-maximizing power control in multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems [5].
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