Land-use changes and urban sprawl have transformed European cities, with a direct impact on both metropolitan structures and socioeconomic functions.
The morphology of a city affects its ecological and socioeconomic functions, and thus how a city is spatially structured has important bearings on urban sustainability.
In comparison with quantifying metrics in entire landscapes, this method more effectively links patterns and processes, and can establish an important basis for subsequent analysis of ecological and socioeconomic functions of green spaces.
8 13 For example, as Wallace et al 14 reported, the HIV epidemics structure in the USA was influenced by two such determinants, the link between geographic regions and the socioeconomic structure, function and history of the regions.
29 30 31 While existing cardiovascular registries and Medicare data include information on skilled nursing facilities and ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes for comorbid conditions, they lack documentation of the severity of comorbidity, socioeconomic factors, functional status, cognitive function, and quality of life.
This is, in part, independent of age, gender, socioeconomic status, kidney function and comorbidities.
Conclusions Independent contributions from a priori risk (age, hippocampal atrophy) and resilience (premorbid function, socioeconomic status) combine to predict measured cognitive impairment.
At the family level, they include: socioeconomic status, family function and health behaviours, and at the community level: culture, social capital, fluoridation and the healthcare system.
These questionnaires, along with additional questions asked by the nurses, updated information on general health, household composition, family structure, socioeconomic status, daily function, life events and lifestyle.
The QLI produces five scores: overall and in four subdomains; health and functioning, socioeconomic, psychological/spiritual domains and family.
