The range of indicators used to measure socio-economic status (SES) varies widely, though small area indices reflecting socioeconomic elements such as welfare dependency, education level, income and housing are common across the seven health systems.
We included mental status (abbreviated mental test score), depression (geriatric depression scale score), age, sex, previous falls, total number of drugs (as a proxy for health status), time in the low level dependency home, and socioeconomic status in the models for the primary outcomes.
As such, we have shown that this decomposition takes into account the mutual dependency between health and socioeconomic status and captures the reduced effects of the explanatory variables upon health and socioeconomic status.
They found that non-respondents more often had ADL dependency, cognitive impairment, a lower socioeconomic status and received more home visits from their general practitioner [ 36, 37].
The socioeconomic asset profile of households in terms of dependency ratio, per capita consumption expenditure, poverty status, land ownership, structural damage of houses, hazard-related economic damage, and disaster preparedness differed significantly between at-risk households in the downstream and upstream regions (Table 2).
These socioeconomic data cover family structure, education, housing and employment conditions, dependency ratio, and population growth, among others.
The degree of adopting such diverse coping practices is mainly governed by the access to or possession of elements of the socioeconomic asset profile of coastal at-risk households (for example, household size, dependency ratio, per capita consumption expenditure, and perceived weather anomalies), along with biophysical characteristics such as the elevation of land in Koyra.
There is some evidence to suggest that people with low socioeconomic status were likely to develop severer stroke [ 13, 14], to have dependency for activities of daily living at 28 days after stroke's onset [ 15] and longer-term disability [ 14, 15], compared to those with high socioeconomic status.
Because of their limited pension rights and dependency on welfare aid, income is a blunt tool to differentiate individuals by socioeconomic status.
Our livelihood landscapes approach provides insights into communities' dependencies and usages of natural resources, and shows how patterns of occupational interrelationships relate to socioeconomic development and population density.
