The energy system has been characterised as a complex adaptive societal system comprised of all of the actors and artefacts that together produce the societal function energy [37].
This indicates that patients in the S group essentially had higher adaptive societal functioning without antisocial features.
Sustainable intensification requires the design of new production systems that are able to produce more food and ecosystem services demanded by society, while being resilient and adaptive to societal and environmental changes.
Techno-social simulations such as this can provide scholars and policymakers alike insights into the nonlinear, complex adaptive effects of societal co-evolution.
The heterogeneity of societal levers protects freedom of choice, enables adaptive decision-making related to the properties of the natural resource, and makes allowance for changes in societal preferences.
Our preliminary results suggest strong nonlinear path dependence and complexity in three areas: adaptive development processes, co-evolutionary societal transactions and near equilibrium development trajectories, with significant implications for anticipating and managing positive development outcomes.
Instead, we need to develop adaptive policies and strategies that enable societal and industrial institutions to cope with unexpected challenges, balancing their need to be able to achieve an efficient sustainable development.
Understanding the interactive political-cultural effects of macro-socio dynamics and individual agency in intra-societal transactions are key elements of a complex adaptive systems approach.
Furthermore, studies which have combined climatic and societal elements have tended to focus on regional-scale adaptive capacity, leading to the critique that such indices poorly reflect the role of individuals within the national/institutional context (Schröter et al. 2004).
The MOVE framework, like the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) definition, considers vulnerability to be a function of exposure, susceptibility, and adaptive capacity (framed as lack of resilience or societal response mechanisms).
