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Two approaches are generally used to quantify excess mortality: studies that focus exclusively on heat waves (so called episode studies); and studies that use time series to estimate the effects of temperature on mortality by averaging over hot days and heat waves.
The study distinguishes itself positively from the many so called "biomarker" studies using DNA methylation alterations by the use of relatively large cohorts and an analysis strategy based on solid and appropriate statistics.
These so called petroacoustic studies have important role in reservoir characterization objectives such as lithology determination, identifying pore fluid type, and geophysical interpretation.
So called baseline studies have been performed in all Member States to obtain a more comparable estimate of the prevalence of contamination in the Member States [ 1].
A significant interest in understanding the epidemiology of diseases lies in identifying associated risk factors which enhance the risk of infection, the so called ecological studies[ 1, 2].
We cannot discard the presence of the so called "small-study effects" described in the systematic review literature by which small studies tend to show lower methodological quality and larger effects [ 16].
In the subsequent selection process decisions were taken on which topic sketch should be developed into a so called 'short study' during Phase C for further use by the BMBF.
Accelerated stability studies of SDFs are frequently conducted in so called "open dish" studies in which the test article is exposed to the atmosphere and equilibrates with the ambient humidity.
It is well known that a small dissipation is able to prevent the breaking of the wave profile allowing to study the so called 'far field', and a technique widely used is the perturbation analysis performed by expanding the dependent variables in power series of a small parameter (may be a physical parameter or often artificially introduced).
For the earliest studies, the so called first generation HR-studies a thorough review [ 12] reports a generalized tendency to find developmental delays and a variety of problems or difficulties that these children may experience already during middle childhood and adolescence.
This type of study (so called 'in-depth' or 'audit' study), aims to identify deficiencies in medical care that may have contributed to death.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com