This uncoating intermediate is called "altered particle" (A-particle).
The most desirable chemotherapeutics may be those that attenuate an organism during an infection without altering commensal populations, so called anti-virulence agents [36], [37].
Mr. Medina, who is known to his friends and admirers simply as Lowlow, is one of the Española area's celebrated lowriders, so called because they drive cars with suspensions altered so that the undersides practically hug the pavement.
Often, such defences are triggered by predator-released chemical cues, so called kairomones [ 3] and may be additionally altered in response to hetero- and conspecific alarm cues [ 4, 5].
Group 2 includes so-called altered peptide ligands (APLs) carrying modified (7), mutated (8), or restricted (5) T-cell receptor-binding moieties.
Today, the SPF condition is classically established by inoculating pups delivered by cesarian section with the so-called altered Schaedler flora, a mixture of eight bacterial strains (Dewhirst et al. 1999).
In the future, it also needs to be determined if the so called epigenetic drugs really exert their effects through altering misregulated epigenetic states or just through transcriptional regulation processes.
Cardiovascular risk factors cause oxidative stress that alters the endothelial cells capacity and leads to the so called endothelial "dysfunction" reducing its capacity to maintain homeostasis and leads to the development of pathological inflammatory processes and vascular disease.
Because the TCR generally focuses on the central portion of the peptide (the so called "peptide bulge") during antigen recognition [ 17, 18], modification at buried terminal amino acids were not thought to alter TCR binding.
The mechanism of the so called "redox signaling" includes the H2O2-mediated reversible oxidation of redox sensitive cysteine residues in enzymes and transcription factors thereby altering their activities.
