Some of these factors are also alternative measures of SEP (e.g. area of residence, education), so adjusting for them may be considered inappropriate (over-adjustment).
So adjusting for this differential impact of inflation, income inequality barely changed in this period, the IFS argues.
Some robberies are done by teams, though, so adjusting for that, the authors conclude that bank robberies yield "a very modest £12,706.60 per person per raid".
The second measure (D2) also uses the difference in exploration times (i.e., D1), but then divides D1 by the total duration of exploration given to both the novel and familiar objects, so adjusting for overall levels of exploration.
Markers of early-life exposures to stress have been linked with poorer cognitive development 24 and higher blood pressure, 25 so adjusting for these factors may represent consequences of earlier stressful exposures that result in poorer stress resilience.
Latency, year of first exposure and duration of exposure are all closely related, and so adjusting for time since first exposure removed this spurious association between duration and latency (Table 1).
‡No significant covariates, so adjusted as for crude odds ratio.
For all three outcomes, there is a tendency for RRs adjusted for other factors to be lower than those that are not so adjusted (p < 0.1 for COPD and CB, p < 0.001 for emphysema).
But the composition of the work force was very different in the 1980s — it was younger, and younger people tend to have higher unemployment rates — and so if adjusted for age, unemployment this time around actually looks much worse.
