Sentence examples for snout breadth from inspiring English sources

Carrano et al. [46] examined the relationship between a suite of morphological characters (including snout breadth) and dietary preference in hadrosaur dinosaurs.

The two subclades within Hadrosauridae, Lambeosaurinae and Hadrosaurinae, were found to be differentiated by relative snout breadth and limb proportions, similar to the pattern seen in ungulates.

Additionally, snout breadth was measured at the premaxilla-maxilla suture, which occurs in markedly different places relative to the anterior-most point of the snout in macronarian and diplodocoid sauropods [34] and may have over-estimated snout breadth in narrow-snouted taxa as a result.

Janis and Erhardt [39] found that although both palatal breadth and snout breadth scale with body size, palatal breadth was more strongly correlated with dietary selectivity (e.g., grazing vs. browsing behavior) in ungulates.

The narrowest snout breadths occurred in animals browsing in upper story vegetation [39].

As a result, snout breadths are roughly constrained within a similar morphospace (although some sauropod taxa greatly exceed the range of breadths seen in hadrosaurs, e.g., Nigersaurus [53]).

Head shape was calculated by dividing head width by head length [ 82], and snout shape was estimated by dividing snout length by snout width.

Differences in available vegetation at such lower heights (herbaceous plants at low heights, woody browse at mid- and upper heights), potentially resulting in the occasional non-selective exploitation of browse, may have influenced the relative breadth of the snout in Dicraeosaurus, Suuwassea, and Tornieria.

The distributions of three variables were examined statistically: snout shape (for browsing strategy), scratch breadth (for browse height), and pit/gouge size (for both height and strategy).

An AI of over 1.0 (a square jaw) was found to be associated with grazers, whereas scores below 1.0 (pointed jaws) were found most commonly in browsers, although this measurement is primarily a measure of breadth and does not fully capture snout shape.

For two-sample comparisons, non-parametric Mann-Whitney U tests were performed; sample sizes for snout shape were too small to meet normality criteria, and both scratch breadth and pit/gouge size failed a normality test (Shapiro-Wilk) for all samples.