Thirty-six 6- to 9-year-olds participated in Study 3 and made hunger/satiety ratings before and after ingesting an ad libitum snack of known composition and quantity.
Information in online diaries included meal type (breakfast, lunch, dinner, or snack), time, location, composition, and quantity of each component; type of fluid intake and time and quantity of each consumption; and number of urinations per day.
While strategies for modifying the quantity and quality of carbohydrate consumed are widely used to reduce postprandial blood glucose peaks, we have paid relatively little attention to how premeal snacks and their composition may alter meal responses.
Analyses stratified by sex were conducted a priori because previous literature suggested different snacking behaviours by sex and current analyses showing significant interaction between sex and snacking frequency on body composition parameters (P<0·05).
The questionnaire contains 13 questions concerning the regularity of meals taken, snacking, usage of breakfast, composition of meals, and drinking habits.
Owners were given a table with the recommended amount of food to administer to their cat based on its weight (100 kcal/kg body weight0.67), either 100%% delivered with the diet or 95%% delivered with the diet and 5 % with snacks with similar food composition (Table 3).
Among those intentionally dieting (12%% of women and 3%% of men), there were no significant associations between snacking frequency and body composition measures, whereas associations among men and women who were not intentionally dieting were similar to those for all men and women (results not shown).
While their article did not provide the macronutrient composition of the snack, it was described as a high-protein, low-carbohydrate snack.
It will be important to optimize both the composition of the snack and the interval before breakfast to maximize the benefit of this approach.
