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A numerical model based on coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations with an assumption of incoherent feedback19 reproduces the experimentally observed smooth spectrum as well.
The reordering results in a relatively smooth spectrum, allowing accurate spectral integration with very few quadrature points.
The solid line is the actual spectrum observed; the difference between the two is caused by the spectral lines (sharp intensity dips/rises at specific wavelengths): the discrete transitions of the atoms and molecules in the Sun's photosphere "eat away" at the smooth spectrum.
The problem is solved with the aid of the Differential Evolution algorithm which searches for potential record combinations whose mean and variance match the target spectral values (median and percentiles) obtained either from a code-compatible smooth spectrum or from a ground motion prediction equation (GMPE).
The strong cQD2 peak removes the cQD1-sQD1 dip, giving a smooth spectrum.
The smooth spectrum corresponding to MFCC is derived by computing a 128-point inverse discrete cosine transform of 13-dimensional MFCC feature.
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Measured wave spectra appear to be very noisy compared to the smooth spectra used in design.
For small time steps and/or smooth spectra, it is formulated as a traditional source term.
We can see that spectrum balancing with K = 16 subbands yields very smooth spectra inside the bandwidth.
We should also add here that we observed higher values for variance when using smooth spectra with several dominant wavelengths.
Figure 4 Plots of smooth spectra corresponding to MFCC feature along with linear (DFT) spectra of a stable voiced frame extracted from the digit "OH" signals having average pitch value of (a) 85 Hz and (b) 310 Hz.
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