Cellular alterations of the microcirculation include endothelial dysfunction [ 22], changes in the hemorheological properties of red blood cells [ 23], leukocyte activation, coagulopathy and vascular smooth muscle cell alterations causing auto-regulatory dysfunction.
Numerous studies suggest that exposure to cigarette smoke leads not only to EC and vascular smooth muscle morphological alterations, but also functional exchanges [ 214– 216] as early events in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease induced by cigarette smoking [ 217].
Previous studies suggest that increased ROS in aging promotes mitochondrial protein oxidation and increased mitochondrial DNA mutations in heart and other organs, but it is yet to be determined whether similar aging-induced mitochondrial DNA and protein damages play an important role in ECs and vascular smooth muscle cells alterations.
Infection by Trichinella spiralis larvae induced changes in visceral sensitivity, alterations of intestinal smooth muscle function, and altered secretion.
To further alleviate the feedrate jump between two adjacent rough interpolation periods, a fine interpolating strategy implemented within one rough interpolation period can be utilized to make the feedrate alteration comparatively smooth.
The margins of the lesions appear smooth, with no apparent alteration to the surrounding bone texture.
To our knowledge, the present study is the first to suggest that hyperuricemia may impair vasorelaxation via BKCa, indicating alteration in smooth muscle hyperpolarization.
Outside the window a bank of dark slate-gray cloud had been piled up by the wind against a lakelike area of silvery-lemon sky, smooth and translucent; the alterations in the light flowed fast, like changing expressions, across the stone housefronts opposite.
Tubal ectopic pregnancy is thought to be a consequence of embryo retention within the fallopian tube due to impaired smooth muscle contractility and alterations in the tubal microenvironment.
Diabetes promotes a spectrum of pathologic changes in the urinary tract, including profound alterations in smooth muscle mass and contractility [ 49].
The mechanisms involved are unclear, but include an increase in oxidative stress, excessive thrombogenesis, mitotic alterations in smooth muscular cells and endothelial dysfunction.
