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Thus, matching the timing of the smolt migration with the zooplankton bloom may increase the population's overall survival.
As a practical point, it would also require an additional 4 years after the end of the 2009 smolt migration before an analysis could be completed.
In this study we report specific results that suggest a freshwater problem during the coho smolt migration is also a contributing factor in the Thompson River system of British Columbia (BC; Fig. 1).
Acoustic receivers (VR2, VEMCO Ltd ,Nova Scotia) were deployed in the Campbell (8 km from release to estuary) and Seymour Rivers (20 km from release to estuary) to monitor smolt migration out to the ocean.
This leads to even later smolt migration timing and lower migration rates.
Moreover, within systems, small changes in spring temperatures drive interannual variation in the timing of smolt migration (e.g., fig. 12-4, Quinn 2005).
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Finally, the White River drains into Lake Wenatchee, which must be navigated by returning adults and out-migrating smolts; migration through natural lakes is unusual for Chinook salmon, especially in the Columbia Basin.
The life-cycle model identified survival conditions that favored the yearling smolt-migration tactic over the subyearling tactic.
The primary purpose of this analysis was to identify the range of survival probabilities that would differentially favor individuals that adopt the yearling and subyearling smolt-migration tactics.
When this ratio exceeds 1, individuals adopting the yearling smolt-migration tactic have higher fitness than those with the subyearling tactic.
In summary, cutthroat x steelhead hybrid smolts exhibit migration behaviors intermediate to pure parental species.
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