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For smoking, potential confounders were income, alcohol intake, and education.
While analyses controlled for self-reported smoking, potential interaction between smoking and preeclampsia on fetal growth was not examined.
Outcomes were intention to stop smoking (potential effectiveness); intention to attend for future cervical screening (acceptability); duration of intervention (feasibility).
Although outdoor SHS levels are more transient than indoor levels, and can quickly drop to background levels in the absence of active smoking, potential health effects of these exposures merit consideration and need to be further studied.
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But it can also be mightily useful for smoking out potential acquirers who might want to whisk in with a big offer before it goes public.
However, some confounding factors have not been taken into consideration in the present analysis, i.e., the influence of teenager smoking, a potential confounding factor in many countries, seems to be limited because smoking rate of teenagers is almost zero in Japan.
The report did not address physician attitudes toward smoking and potential obstacles they face in smoking prevention and control efforts.
Observed median values (5-95 percentiles) or percents of the distribution of alcohol, NSAID, smoking and potential colorectal cancer confounders among cases and members of the comparison group.
Other causes of menstrual irregularity like endocrine disorders, tumours and acquired disorders like stress, strenuous exercise and cigarette smoking are potential topics for further research.
In model 2, further adjustment was performed for main risk factors (BMI, HbA1c, hypertension, LDL cholesterol, AER, and smoking) and potential confounders (eGFR and ECG-LVH).
Data of 1251 women with spirometry and complete questionnaire information about respiratory diseases, smoking and potential confounders were used in the analyses.
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