Multivariable analyses were controlled for participants' age, smoking/non-smoking, mode of delivery, HIV status, nature of HPV infection (clinically defined or otherwise), and HPV type (dichotomous variable: high vs. low risk).
Studies on the influence of body mass index, smoking, and mode of delivery on the occurrence of urinary incontinence after hysterectomy are required to provide women with information about how these factors influence continence after a hysterectomy.
In proteinuria and income median values were imputed, in smoking the mode was used.
We found that severe maternal depressed mood was associated with a 3-fold increase in the risk of LBW, after adjustment for parity, education, smoking, delivery mode, folic acid use and preterm birth.
We could not rule out that environmental differences like season of birth, maternal smoking, breastfeeding, mode of delivery, infections and/or vaccinations may have introduced sources of variation [ 47, 48].
Compared with women with no depressed mood, infants born to women with severe (but not moderate) depressed mood were more likely to be LBW (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.1 11.4), after adjustment for parity, education, smoking, delivery mode, folic acid use and preterm birth (Table 2).
Hence, refined models adjusting for parity, education, smoking, delivery mode, folic acid use, and preterm birth were used to examine potential effects of a priori defined race/ethnicity and infant sex, and analyses were conducted among three racial/ethnic groups (Blacks, Whites and Hispanics) as well as by sex of the offspring.
A stepwise approach (exclusion p > 0.10 and inclusion p < 0.09) was used to refine the model, and log likelihood tests were used to create the final parsimonious model; with significant covariates parity, education, smoking, delivery mode, folic acid use, and preterm birth.
During exposure, smoke filled the chamber over 8 seconds and was then left (for 52 seconds) until the next puff of diluted smoke was delivered to the chamber - this is batch mode smoking, as opposed to continuous flow delivery of smoke.
In addition, no significant differences between IMP vs. NIMP were observed with regard to co-morbidities such as smoking, gestational diabetes, mode of delivery, older age, low Hb and hypothyroidism (Table 2).
In all analyses, covariates (age, education, ethnicity, marital status, parity, delivery mode, smoking, BMI, preterm birth and birth weight) were categorised in an identical manner for comparability (see table 1 for categories).
