Attitudes towards smoking items were adapted from previously validated items developed for students from this University [ 18].
The score was based on five questions on alcohol (2 items), smoking (1 item), and drug use (2 items).
Three COPD-related items (breathlessness, productive cough, and activity limitation), a smoking history item (100 or more cigarettes smoked in lifetime), and an age item were used to construct the COPD-PS questionnaire.
Preliminary searches (1999 2008) proved ETS (3,995 items) being the most common term in use compared to secondhand smoke (353 items) or passive smoking (2,462 items) etc., which led us to this analysis.
The content of the Smoking Impact items is very similar to that of generic instruments for which qualitative evaluations have been favorable [ 33– 33].
Organizational policies on smoking: eight items assessed whether the organization had a policy on smoking, and if so, what the policy included (no smoking indoors, in cars, with clients, on home visits, on outings and provision of cessation support) and where on the premises smoking was permitted.
Our participants estimated original study participants' perceived likelihoods of getting a tobacco or alcohol related disease or problem using six items for smoking and eight items for alcohol consumption.
The internal consistency of attitude-related items was assessed by treating smoking susceptibility (3 items), attitude toward smoking (5 items), and media messages about smoking (7 items) as 3 separate subscales.
The questionnaire included 79 items made up of: 12 socio-demographic items; 10 items assessing health status, disease conditions and smoking status; 20 items assessing use of health services; and 37 items assessing the factors that might affect health services utilisation.
