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In both studies were data on smoking collected prospectively and independently of the CD diagnosis.
The addition of self reported smoking collected at the time of PFT assessment minimally changed the AUCs and Brier scores for both standards.
Secondary outcomes: Secondary outcomes will be based on reports of smoking and drinking behaviour, SE to quit smoking, nicotine dependence, and motivation to change drinking and smoking collected at 1 and 6 months post-BL.
Maternal smoking collected in a questionnaire completed by the mother when the child was 8 months old was chosen as the representative variable for environmental tobacco smoke exposure as smoking data for the mother or main caregiver's partner was missing for a significant minority of children.
We need more prospective data on coronary events in healthy general populations, with detailed data on potential confounders, including smoking, collected at the individual level, to address the hypothesis that long-term traffic exposure influences the development of coronary heart disease (CHD).
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Information on smoking characteristics, such as smoking status, pack-years of smoking, and age of starting smoking, was collected using a standardized questionnaire.
Previously analysed annual surveys of smoking habits from 1954 to 1992, and individual lifetime smoking histories collected in 1965 from a sample of people born in 1893 1927, were supplemented with new annual surveys of smoking habits from 1993 to 2013.
In the present study, we did not take active smoking among children into account because data on active smoking were collected only among junior high school students.
Use of smoking information collected at study entry will tend to underestimate the effects of smoking.
Patient's history of smoking was not systematically recorded in the original patient records, and no data on smoking were collected.
Information on smoking was collected in subjects 12 18 years of age, and those who smoked on a weekly basis or more often were considered smokers.
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