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Among 41 022 women who had never smoked, 1692 cases were identified, and these cases were used for the passive smoking analysis.
CpG sites associated with cigarette smoking: analysis of epigenome-wide data from the Sister Study.
However, the passive smoking analysis necessarily utilized a subsample of families.
Both the UK studies did not contribute data to the smoking analysis, since this information was not available for controls.
For passive smoking, analysis for the association with all-cause and breast cancer-specific death was limited to the patients who had never smoked.
The authors estimated odds ratios using conditional logistic regression analyses, adjusted for education and tobacco use (snuff use in the smoking analysis and smoking in the snuff analysis).
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In total, this yielded 16 interventions for the dietary meta-analysis, 12 interventions for physical activity meta-analysis and 17 for smoking meta-analysis.
For the smoking status analysis, never smokers were used as the reference group.
The smoking heaviness analysis was restricted to current daily smokers, and ORs represent differences in odds of the outcome measure per additional cigarette consumed per day.
Note that relapse refers to turning from abstinence to smoking, thus analysis of relapse must confine to information of participants who ever quitted at some time point(s).
Because of the smaller sample size in this data set, we combined former smokers and current smokers into a single group for smoking association analysis.
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