Exact(11)
The study sample (N = 576) was comprised of smokers presenting for treatment.
Smokers presenting to the ED for treatment of respiratory symptoms were identified by a trained research associate (RA) who routinely reviewed the admissions roster kept at the triage desk.
Approximately 16% of smokers presenting to GPs in this research sample were categorised as hardcore smokers.
Current smokers presenting to cardiology outpatients unit with atypical chest pain were recruited in the study.
The mean age of hardcore smokers presenting to GPs in our sample was approximately 8 years lower than in Jarvis's survey[ 1].
In this sample, 16.1% of smokers presenting to GPs' routine consultations were "hardcore" which is similar to the prevalence obtained in Jarvis' community based sample[ 1].
Similar(49)
Studies suggest that smokers present more or greater numbers of potential periodontal pathogens than non-smokers.
Smokers presented with the new warning labels immediately associated positive outcome expectancies less strongly with smoking and reported smoking fewer cigarettes in the 24 hours following the experiment.
Current smokers presented a 2.6-fold increase of risk with respect to never smokers.
Clinically, smokers presented with reduced signs of inflammation compared to nonsmokers [ 8, 9].
Second, the method of constructing life tables for smokers presented here is not without its limitations.
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