Parents who smoked were asked questions about smoking behavior, smoke-free home and car rules, and role conflict.
The aim of the study was to determine whether adolescents' intentions to smoke, cigarette smoking behavior, and specific perceptions of cigarette smoking are different in 2015 versus 2001.
In the current assessment, the evaluation was extended beyond previous assessments to include information on smoke exposure and smoking behavior, which was achieved by comparing markets of predominantly American-blend or Virginia-type cigarettes.
The findings for the alpha-5 receptor were strengthened by a recent study by Berretini et al.[ 15], in which a highly correlated CHRNA5/CHRNA3 haplotype (cluster of linked genes) was shown to be associated strongly (P < 10−6) with smoking behavior (cigarettes smoked per day).
Data collected in the BASUS survey included participant characteristics such as age, ethnicity, family income, cigarette smoking behavior, intentions to smoke, and information on SHS exposure.
Nevertheless, the significant difference in the rate of dual use between married and unmarried males indicates that a larger percentage of the female population in Madagascar were exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) because the smoking behavior of a married male is an indicator of SHS exposure of the spouse [ 42].
These national studies establish strong evidence that smoke-free homes can influence smoking behavior and reduce exposure to indoor second-hand smoke [ 38].
Several studies report that having a friend who smokes is associated with smoking behavior of adolescents but we found no such correlation in our peri-urban setting in Nepal.
